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[english]Naked (adj.) without clothes, bare, without
protection
You can’t see bacteria with your naked eyes.
Nearby (adv.) close, not far
There is a store nearby.
Nominal (adj.) a very small amount
A nominal fee is charged to use the facility.
Notorious (adj.) famous or know for doing
something bad
He is notorious as being the last train robber.
Nourishment (noun) a source of strength and
support
Vegetarians eat beans as supplementary
nourishment for proteins.
Novelty (noun) something new or unusual; a
small toy or decoration
The novelty items have been sold out quickly.
Now and then (adv.) occasionally
Now and then they meet just to talk.
Nutrient (noun) something that provides
nourishment
Proper nutrients are important to good health.
Oath (noun) a promise vow to tell the truth
He makes an oath before the judge.
Obscure (adj.) hard to see or understand,
hidden, indistinct, not well know
This obscure restaurant serves delicious food.
Obstacle (noun) a hindrance, something that
prevents you from doing something
Protesters put up obstacles on the street to stop
traffic.
Obvious (adj.) easily seen or understood
You look pale. It is obvious that you are sick.
Ominous (adj.) threatening
The weather bureau has issued an ominous
storm warning.
Omit (verb) to leave out
His name is omitted from the guess list.
On the spot (prep.) immediately, at the place
one is needed
The police arrested the robber on the spot.
One by one (adv.) individually, one after
another
The children walk across the road one by one.
Operation (noun) a process of doing
something, a surgical procedure
He needs immediate heart operation to correct
his heart conditions.
Optimal (adj.) the best; favorable; profitable
The optimal time for the spacecraft to response
has passed.
Option (noun) choice
To be able to speak English is not an option but
a necessity.
Outburst (noun) speaking out suddenly;
anything that breaks out suddenly,
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________19
usually violently
There was an outburst of support after the new
laws were passed.
Outlawed (verb) made illegal
Illegal drugs are outlawed in Hong Kong.
Outlet (noun) a passage or vent for vent letting
something out; the place in a writing system
where the electric current is available for use;
an electrical socket
Please keep the electrical outlets away from
children.
Overlapping (verb/adj.) one thing covering
part of another thing
The roof consists of overlapping tiles.
They have found that their duties overlapped.
Overthrow (verb) to conquer, to overturn, to
upset
The people have overthrown the government
by means of demonstration.
Overwhelm (verb) to be defeated, to be
exhausted, to cover completely
The company was overwhelmed with calls after
the job advertisement.
Painstakingly (adv.) carefully, paying
attention to detail
She stitches painstakingly.
Panacea (noun) a remedy for all troubles
The government warned the people that the
new policies were not panacea for prosperity.
Paramount (adj.) of primary importance
Eating health is paramount to your good health.
Particle (noun) a smell piece, a part
Dust particles are hard to get rid of.
Particularly (adv.) especially
The teacher has made the exam questions
particularly difficult, so that no one gets full
marks.
Passing (adj.) not lasting, going by
He has fond memories of the passing years.
Patch (noun) a piece of material used to cover
a hole; a small area
He puts a leather patch on his jeans.
Path (noun) a place made for walking
I know a hidden path through the woods.
Patronize (verb) to support or to act in a
condescending way
He always patronizes news restaurants to try
new food.
Penetrate (verb) to go into or through; to
spread
Scientists have sent a probe to penetrate the
deepest part of the ocean.
Perceive (verb) to become aware of something
through the senses or mind
No one perceived his visions.
Perennial (adv.) continuing through the whole
year
Most flowers are not perennial plants..
Period (noun) a portion of time
He is doing research for the period of the
Industrial Revolution.
Perjury (noun) a false statement after giving
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________20
an oath to tell the truth
Perjury is a crime punishable by law.
Perpendicular (adj.) at an angle of 90 degrees,
upright
Two perpendicular lines make a 90-degree
angle.
Perplexing (adj.) confusing, complicated
Language of a contract is always perplexing.
Persistent (adj.) refusing to change, continuing
for a long time, repeating again and again
He is a persistent salesman.
Phenomenon (noun) something that can be
perceived by the senses, something remarkable
or unusual
Northern Lights is a phenomenon that can’t be
explained.
Pierce (verb) to make a hole, to go through
with a pointed instrument
She wants to pierce her eyebrow.
Plot (verb/noun) to plan secretly; the main
story of a book or play; a small piece of ground
They plotted to overthrow the government.
Poignant (adj.) causing sad or painful feelings
The poignant part of the movie makes everyone
cry.
Point out (verb) to show or call attention to
something
He points out the mistakes in my composition.
Pole (noun) a long slender round piece of wood
or metal.
The flag was blown down during the storm.
Poll (noun) a survey of public opinion made by
questioning people
The opinion poll has favored the government.
Popularity (noun) the quality of being popular,
well-liked
His popularity has soared after the release of
his new songs.
Posthumously (adv.) after one’s death
The mayor is considering giving him the title of
“Citizen of the year” posthumously.
Potentially (adv.) having the capability, the
possibility
It is potentially dangerous to operate the
machine without proper training.
Praise (noun/verb) an expression of approval
or esteem; to give approval, admiration, honor,
or glory to someone
He gives praises to all the volunteers who help
organize the event.
Pray (verb) to address God to give thanks or
make requests, to ask earnestly
Many people come to the temple to pray.
Precision (noun) the state of being exact,
correct, accurate
Landing on the Moon requires precision and
technology.
Predict (verb) to foretell, to say in advance
He predicts that the economy will recover next
year.
Predominantly (adv.) having more strength,
power, or numbers than others
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________21
The language people use in Hong Kong is
predominantly Cantonese.
Pressing (adj.) urgent, requiring immediate
attention
I have pressing personal matters to take care of.
Prevail/prevailing (verb/adj.) to gain victory
over something, to be the usual thing,
commonly seen or done
Truth prevails in the end.
Previously (adv.) before
He has visited Hong Kong previously.
Primitive (adj.) of early times; of an early,
pre-technical culture
They use primitive weapons to fight the
invaders.
.
Prior to (adj.) before
Prior to being to a driver, he has to take
training course.
Private (adj.) concerning one person or group
rather than for people in general; secret;
secluded; isolated
He shouldn’t mix business with private matters.
Proficient (adj.) skilled
He is proficient at several languages.
Profitable (adj.) useful; bringing in money or
gain
The company has a very profitable year.
Prolonged (adj.) a long time, made longer
After several years of hard work, she needs a
prolonged vacation.
Promotion (noun) advancement to a higher
rank or position
She got a promotion recently.
Prone (adj.) lying down; to have tendency to
do something
Male teenagers are prone to have more
accidents than female counterparts.
Propagate (verb) to increase the number of
plants or animals by natural mean; to spread
information
The use of Internet to propagate information is
very efficient..
Propel (verb) to dive something forward
The rocket propels the space shuttle into orbit.
Prospect (noun) something hoped for or
looked forward to
Without any job skills, he has no job prospect.
Prosperous (adj.) successful; rich
After finding oil nearby, the city becomes
prosperous quickly.
Pulp (noun) the soft part of fruit; a mass of soft
material such as wood fiber
Paper is made from wood pulp..
Purpose (noun) a plan
The purpose of his visit is to research on
ancient civilizations.
Puzzling (verb/adj.) hard to understand or
answer
Why he left suddenly is still puzzling.
Radical (adj.) basic; extreme; fundamental
The Internet has made a radical change in the
way we communicate.
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________22
Range (noun/verb) a row of things; a large area;
maximum distance; the limit; a stove with an
oven; to travel over or roam
The horses are free to range in the ranch.
Rational (adj.) able to reason
In times of crisis, you have to be rational.
Raw (adj.) uncooked; in a natural condition
He likes to eat his beef raw..
Reach (verb) to stretch, to extend, to come to
He has no phone in the cabin, so we can’t reach
him.
React (verb) to behave in response to a
situation
When he heard the bad news, her reacted with
sadness.
Rebel (verb) to act against something; to show
resistance; to fight
Teenagers tend to rebel their parents’ advice.
Recall (verb) to remember; to ask to come back
He can’t recall where they have met before.
Recycle (verb) to treat waste materials like
paper, glass, or metal so they can be used again
We have to recycle old cans and bottles.
Reel (noun/verb) a roller for thread, wire, hose,
or cable; to walk unsteadily
The reel on the fishing rod has broken.
Refrain (verb) to stop from doing something
Please refrain from smoking in the
non-smoking area.
Refute (verb) to prove a person wrong or
mistaken
The professor has refuted my arguments.
Regrettable (adv.) sadly
He feels regrettable that he can’t attend the
wedding.
Reimburse (verb) to give money back
The company will only reimburse expenses
with receipts.
Relate (verb) to tell a story; to make a
connection with something
Scientists are trying to relate illnesses to
genetic defects.
Relatively (adv.) comparatively
My parents live relatively close.
Release (verb) to let go; to set free
The company releases news about a new
device.
Religiously (adv.) to do something
conscientiously; devoutly; with faith
He takes exercising religiously.
Reluctantly (adv.) unwilling to do something
He accepts the responsibility reluctantly.
Remain (noun) what is left; a dead body
The remains of the dinner were put in the
refrigerator.
There are human remains in the cave.
Remote (adj.) far away, distant; control from a
distance
The remote villages are not accessible by car.
Renowned (adj.) famous, celebrated
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________23
He is a renowned heart surgeon.
Repair (verb/adj.) to restore to a good
condition
The car is damaged beyond repair.
Report (noun/verb) an account given of
something heard or seen
She didn’t report what she saw to the police.
Research (noun) an investigation to discover
new facts or information
Her research in Physics has won her the Nobel
Prize.
Resist (verb) to oppose an attack; not to give in
to something
You can’t resist the change.
Resort (noun/verb) a place one goes to for fun,
relaxation, or health; to turn to something for
help to gain one’s purpose
He has built a resort to attract more tourists.
Respect (noun/verb) honor, consideration,
regard; to treat someone with consideration
We should respect her privacy.
Restore (verb) to bring back to the original
condition; to repair; to make well
They have restored the old church.
Retreat (verb/noun) to move back, withdraw; a
quiet and restful place
I know a quiet retreat for summer vacation.
Revere (verb) to have a deep respect for; to
regard highly
Some students revere their teachers.
Revision (noun) a corrected version of
something
This is the second revision of the book.
Rewarding (adj.) satisfying; giving pleasure in
return for something
It is rewarding to know that I am able to help
them.
Rigorous (adj.) very hard, harsh, severe, very
strict
In order to prepare for the Olympics, he has
carried out a rigorous training plan.
Rise (verb) to get up, to come to life, to
become greater in intensity or volume
The Sun rises in the east.
Rolling (verb/adj.) turning over and over,
swaying
Children love to roll and play in snow.
Rudimentary (adj.) elementary, undeveloped
We acquired rudimentary skills when we were
children.
Rumor (noun/passive verb) general talk,
gossip, statement that may not be true
The rumor spread quickly in the village.
Run-down (adj.) not cared for, weak and
exhausted, fallen into disrepair
It is amazing that the run-down car is still
working.
Rural (adj.) in country area
I used to live in rural area.
Scarcely (adv.) hardly, barely, almost not
Gasoline is in such short supply, you can
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________24
scarcely find it anywhere.
Scattered (adj.) not situated together
Dirty clothes are scattered on the floor in his
room.
Scenery (noun) the general appearance of a
place, features of the landscape
Hong Kong has much beautiful scenery.
Scent (noun) smell, usually pleasant
She likes the scent of the new perfume.
Scrupulously (adv.) done very carefully,
paying attention to detail
She always works scrupulously.
Secluded (adj.) kept away from others, alone
The secluded house seldom has visitors.
Secretly (adv.) not know to others, quiet
She has secretly taped their conversation.
Seed (noun/verb) the part of a flowing plant
from which others, plants grow; the origin of
something; to sow a field with seed
I don’t like the seeds in grapes
Seek (verb) to look for
They seek everywhere for the missing book.
Selection (noun) a collection, a group of
chosen things
This department store has better selection.
Sensible (adj.) reasonable, practical
It is not sensible to go out when typhoon signal
No. 10 is hoisted.
Serene (adj.) calm and clear
The weather is serene and humid before the
storm comes.
Shade (noun/verb) something that cuts off the
sunlight; a screen or curtain; to protect from
light or heat
He draws the shade to cut down the sunlight in
the room.
Shaggy (adj.) hairy, rough, coarse, or untidy
hair
He has a shaggy carpet in the middle of his
living room.
Sheer (adj.) complete or absolute; transparent
cloth
She is choosing a new sheer for her curtains.
Shelter (noun) a place to be safe or protected
The government provides shelters for the
homeless.
Shield (verb/noun) to protect; a piece of metal,
plastic, or other material that protect
She uses her body as a shield to protect her
child.
Side by side (adj.) close together, next to one
another
They put their pictures side by side.
Silently (adv.) quietly, making little sound
People read silently in the library.
Simultaneously (adv.) at the same time
The two companies announced the news
simultaneously.
Single-story (adj.) a house or building with
one floor
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________25
Single-story houses are very expensive in Hong
Kong.
Sinister (adj.) evil, unkind
The mean old lady gave me a sinister look.
Site (noun) a place where something was or
will be
The company has selected a site to build the
amusement park.
Sketch (verb) to make a rough, quick drawing
or an outline; a rough plan
She made a sketch of her idea.
Slightly (adv.) to a small degree; slenderly
He was slightly injured in the car accident.
Slim (adj.) small, insufficient, slender
She is exercising more to keep herself slim.
Soak (verb) to become completely wet by
absorbing liquid
You have to soak it in water to soften it.
Socket (noun) a hole or space into which
something fits
A square socket will not fit a round rod.
Sole (adj./noun) the only one; single; restricted;
the undersurface of a person’s foot or shoe
He is sole person who has the key to the
building.
Solitary (adj.) living alone; without
companions; seldom visited; lonely
The lonely old man has lived a solitary life for
many years.
Somewhat (adv.) to some degree, a little
He is somewhat disappointed when he receives
the news.
Sophisticated (adj.) a lack of simplicity or
naturalness; cultured; with the latest
improvements
She has a sophisticated taste in clothes.
Sort (noun/verb) a group or class of things that
are similar in some way; to separate or arrange
by class
What sort of music do you like?
Spacious (adj.) having a lot of space
The entrance to the building is very spacious.
Spectacular (adj.) grand, marvelous,
remarkable
Every year, there is a spectacular firework
display to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
Split (verb) to break into two or more part;
divide
The opinion is split over the issue of
immigration.
Sporadically (adv.) occasionally;
inconsistently
Her performance improves sporadically.
Stain (noun/verb) a mark that doesn’t wash out;
to permanently change the color of something
Someone spilled wine on the carpet and stained
it.
Stalk (verb/ noun) to move quietly and
cautiously toward something in order to get
near, the part of a plant that supports the plant
or flower
Lions stalk its preys.
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________26
Static (adj.) in a state of balance, not
increasing or decreasing; electrical
Charges in the atmosphere; a crackling noise in
radio or televisions
The radio isn’t working properly because of
static interference.
Stem (noun) the stalk of a plant; the end
coming up from the ground
This flower has a long stem.
Strengthen (verb) to make something stronger
He needs to exercise more to strengthen his
muscle.
Stress (noun) a condition causing depression or
troubled thoughts
His heart condition is brought on by stress at
work.
Strict (adj.) demanding obedience, clearly and
exactly defined, precise
He is brought up in a strict family.
Strip (noun/verb) a long narrow piece of
material or land; to talk off coverings
There is a small landing strip near here.
Stripe (noun) a band of material of a different
color, pattern, or material
He prefers stripes on his tie.
Struggle (verb/noun) to fight; to make great
effort for something; conflict
The guard struggled with the intruder.
Stubborn (adj.) obstinate; difficult to deal with;
determined
He tried to talk to his stubborn friend who
refused to listen to anyone.
Stumble (verb) to hit one’s foot against
something and fall or almost fall
He stumbled and hurt his ankle while running.
Style (noun) a manner of writing or speaking; a
quality of being superior; a general appearance
She always pays attention to the latest styles in
fashion.
Submarine (noun) a ship that is designed to
operate under water
He is the captain of a submarine.
Subtle (adj.) difficult to perceive or describe
He has made subtle correction to his work.
Superiority (noun) the state of being better
than average
The superiority of technology has made US the
most powerful nation on Earth.
Supernatural (adj.) spiritual, cannot be
explained by physical laws
You should not believe in supernatural stories.
Surmise (verb) guess
Since it rained last night, he surmised that the
game was cancelled.
Surpass (verb) to do better than someone or
something else
He tried to surpass his own winning record.
Survey (verb) to examine, to take a general
view of
He is doing a survey about what people like.
Suspicious (adj.) having an idea that
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________27
something bad is about to happen; thinking
someone may be guilty
There is a suspicious man standing across the
street.
Swear (verb) to take an oath; to curse, to use
bad language
He swears that he will tell the truth.
Swift (adj.) fast, quick
It is dangerous to swim in swift current.
Sympathetic (adj.) sharing the pain or troubled
feelings of other people
The judge felt sympathetic towards her when
he heard her story.
Symphony (noun) a long musical composition
He is composing a new symphony.
Tactfully (adv.) showing skill and
understanding in dealing with other people
You should tell your friend to leave tactfully.
Take place (verb) happen
The wedding hasn’t taken place yet.
Tap (verb/noun) to make a light, quick,
rhythmical touch on something; a faucet, a
device for controlling the flow of liquid from a
pipe
He taps his finger on the table.
Temperature (noun) a degree of heat or cold;
a body fever
The summer temperature in Hong Kong is very
hot.
Tend (verb) to be inclined to do something; to
have a certain direction
He tends to make decision in a rush.
Tension (noun) strain; being tightly stretched
The cable isn’t designed to withstand such
tension.
Tentative (adj.) done as a trial to see what
might happen
He has made tentative plan to take his vacation
his month.
Terrifying (adj.) frightening
The newspaper has reported a terrifying
accident.
Theft (noun) the act of stealing
He was accused of being a theft.
Theory (noun) an explanation of a general
principle; an opinion, not necessarily based on
logical reasoning
The new theory has caused a lot of arguments.
Thorn (noun) a pointed growth on the stem of
a plant.
The thorns of the rose have cut her finger.
Timid (adj.) shy, easily frightened
He was quite timid when he was young.
Tiny (adj.) very small
A tiny amount of water was found inside the
fossils.
Tolerate (verb) to put up with, to allow
without protest
He can’t tolerate the noise on the street.
Tomb (noun) a place dug in the ground or
caved out of rock to put a dead body, usually
TOEFL Word List___________________________________________________________________28
having a monument over it
They build tombs to honor the soldiers who
died in the war.
Tough (adj.) hard to cut; difficult; not easily
broken
The government has warned the people about
tough times ahead.
Trace (noun/verb) a very small amount; a mark
showing someone has been in a place; to draw
or sketch; to copy; to follow a line
There is only a trace of iodine in the water.
She traces the outlines of the figures.
Trade (verb/noun) to buy and sell; to give
something else; means of earning one’s living
My uncle is in the building trade.
He wants to make a trade for his car.
Transplant (verb) to transfer, to move to a
new place
They are conducting experiments on how to
transplant organs safely.
Trash (noun) something worthless; rubbish
He throw his old magazines into the trash.
Treasured (adj.) valued, loved
You should keep your treasured valuables in
the safety deposit box.
Trial (noun) a test; an examination in a court
of law
His trial ended quickly.
Trickle (verb/noun) to flow slowly; to move
little by little by little; a slow, small flow
The water pipe is blocked so water supply is
running at a trickle.
Trigger (noun/verb) a small lever that release a
spring; to set off; to be the cause of something
The court decision triggered a riot.
Trip (verb/ noun) to stumble over something; a
journey for pleasure
He tripped over his own foot.
Tropical (adj.) of the part of the earth around
the equator
Tropical rain forests are being cut down.
Trunk (noun) the part of the tree that supports
it; a large case to pack things in for traveling;
the body of the person
The tree trunk has many holes.
Turbulence (noun) the state of being violent,
uncontrolled, disorderly
Swift water has caused a lot of turbulence.[/english]
_________________ 
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